Saturday, August 31, 2019

Aristotle the Great Philosopher Essay

Aristotle was one of the most profound philosophers of all time. He was a pupil of Plato; he adapted many of Plato’s concepts into his own. Aristotle follows in the footsteps of Plato and Socrates idea of taking the virtues to be vital in a well-lived life. Based on the precise nature, true happiness can be found. In this paper, I will discuss Aristotle’s beliefs of human good and human flourishing. Aristotle’s most influential work was Nichomachean Ethics. No one is quite sure where Nichomachean Ethics originated from; they assume it is either, a combination of lecture notes from Aristotle or his students. He believes that every human activity aims at some good; every human activity aims at some end. He believes that good equals end. Aristotle refers to good as being the object of an action. He believes people should be goal oriented no matter if the goal is morally good or bad. Aristotle thought that human actions are not haphazard, random, gratuitous, and purposeless. Otherwise, they’re relevance is the distinguishing mark of human rationality, as opposed to the instinctive ness of animal conduct or an unintentional sequence of natural events. He believes that humans seek rational means to attain their goals. (Zunjic, Books 1 & 2) Aristotle was born in 384 BCE and later died in 322 BCE. He grew up in Stagirus, which was a small Greek colony. His father was a physician to King Amyntas of Macedonia. The Macedonia Court would influence Aristotle’s life, greatly. Aristotle’s father died while he was still a child. His guardian, Proxenus, sent him to Athens. While in Athens, he became a pupil of Plato; he attended Plato’s lectures for twenty years. He then began to lecture himself, particularly about rhetoric. (Aristotle’s Biography) After Plato had died, Aristotle may have become the leader of the Academy, except his differences in teaching. They gave the leadership role to Plato’s nephew, Seusippus. Aristotle then left Athens and went to a different court. He married Pythias and then a short while after he moved to the island of Lesbos. Some years later, Aristotle was invited back to Macedonia by the King to tutor the young Alexander. Their ideas differed, which lead to an interesting relationship. (Aristotle’s biography) Aristotle taught and managed the Lyceum for twelve years, producing, during this time, his lecture notes. Only a small amount of Aristotle’s works had survived over the years. Aristotle’s works included all the major areas of thought: logic, science, metaphysics, ethics, and politics. He developed a new theory of form that differed from Plato, created a system of deductive reasoning for universal and existential statements, and produced a theory of the universe, matter, life, and mind. (Aristotle’s Biography) Aristotle expanded his knowledge significantly when he studied under Plato, if his guardian had not sent him to Athens he probably would have never studied under Plato. Though Aristotle learned a lot from Plato, his ideas also differed greatly, and he was a great thinker all on his own. Aristotle might not have been the great philosopher that he is without the guidance of Plato. â€Å"Aristotle’s style of lecturing involved walking around in in covered walkways, for which reason Aristotle was called ‘Peripatetic’ meaning walking around. † (www. about. com) Greek influences helped shape what Aristotle believed. His education under Plato was also a huge influencing factor. He believed that there were only two causes in the universe: form and matter; form and matter leads to intelligence. Aristotle was a firm believer that education and morality went hand in hand with each other. He thought it was the duty of the state to produce well rounded citizens who would lead good lives. The realization of oneself is the main way to reach goodness. Aristotle has been recognized as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. He has had essential time working with other top philosophers of his time. Years after his death, people still learn and adapt his beliefs. Aristotle was a teleologist, meaning, he believed that all existing things have a purpose. Aristotle was way ahead of his time, in his thinking. Many of the ideas he had were completely baffling to others around him. They still take a great deal of thought to grasp what he means but it is worth examining. Aristotle believes in instrumental goods and self-sufficient goods. Multiple instrumental goods are needed to achieve ourselves; they include health, friendship, wealth, knowledge, and virtue. The ancient Greek word for virtue is, ‘Arete’ meaning excellence. The excellence a person demonstrates when acting towards virtue. Virtue, when practice, begins to make us who we are. Aristotle believes that virtue must be practice habitually, so that everyone has the capacity to perfect their own character. (Aristotle Ethics Podcast 1) He believed that every idea can be traced back to the very beginning. This is known as finite regress: finite, meaning an end, and regress, meaning to trace back. Objects of thought can be traced back to the very beginning; many consequences lead to the knowledge of the object of thought. He thought that the idea in your head can be traced back, because the idea in your head is a product of everything else, even what people earlier had in their head. Once the thought reaches the corner stone, you cannot go any farther, showing it has one clear beginning. He does not believe in infinite regress that would mean there would be no defined order. (Aristotle Ethics Podcast 2) Aristotle was not concerned with his own good but, rather, the good for all humans. He called this good, eudaimonia, meaning happiness. Eudaimonia serves as the one, final self-sufficient good. He did not believe happiness was just a feeling; he believed it was also a way of living. Many have adapted this idea as human flourishing. Human flourishing involves achievement of excellence. He believes that everyone aims at some good, but different people have different ideas of what good is. The product of the activity should be better than the activity, says Aristotle. The end is the achievable good. (Kessler, 80-87) Aristotle’s beliefs can be used to view life today. His ideas of what a good is and how to reach human flourishing influence life today. When examining any thought, it is almost possible to try and trace it back to where it originated. Aristotle showed that everything has a clear beginning and end, and that everyone should try to have a life full of virtues. Aristotle’s ideas influenced many other philosophers for years after his time. He was a great influence on medieval scholasticism: much of the Roman Catholic theology shows his ideas of teleology. It was also a big influence to biology; but it was banished from physics by the scientific revolution. Aristotle is a firm believer that happiness is the most important thing in life. Ethics was the main topic Aristotle focused on, the difference between what is a right or wrong, good and evil, rule and virtues, character and vice, success and happiness. Works Cited â€Å"Aristotle – Greek Philosopher Aristotle. † About. com Ancient / Classical History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. . â€Å"Aristotle of Stagirus – Biography. † Aristotle. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Flip4Learning. â€Å"Aristotle’s Ethics (Part One). † YouTube. YouTube, 04 Mar. 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. . Flip4Learning. â€Å"Aristotle’s Ethics (Part Two). † YouTube. YouTube, 04 Mar. 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. . â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics. † Nicomachean Ethics. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Kessler, Gary E. Voices of Wisdom: A Multicultural Philosophy Reader. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2010. Print.

M Hill

The† Hard Choices† essay had a better outline and gave a more interesting dead than â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood† â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood† is a very basic essay and gave the impression that is was written by a less experienced writer. I felt the paper was boring and did not keep my attention while reading each short story. The most noticeable mistake was that the paper did a plot summary for each story and never provided a conclusion or a position in any of the stories. The checklist says to use present tense verbs and this story used mostly past tense.The â€Å"Hard Choices† essay gives an analysis of each short story and provides direct quotes from the short stories. â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood† did not do a imperative analysis of the short stories. There were no literary terms used in this essay and there were no works cited. The writer did not list the authors names in the essay to give credit for their work. This essay was b oring and did not really give the viewer cohesive account of what the writer was trying to convey. Hard Choices† on the other end was a good read! It was exciting it kept my attention and made me want to continue to read more. This essay followed most of the literary rules of writing, Although, I found the plot summaries for this essay to be boring as well. I really liked reading the comparative analysis ND the writer's position for each of the short stories. The writer gave us their view of why they felt each character made the decisions that were made for each story from their point of view.Unlike â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood† the writer for â€Å"Hard Choices† uses present tense verbs when writing about the short stories. The writer used the necessary resources to support their view of the stories which made the writer seem reliable. The conclusion for this essay was dead on and summarizes the short stories completely and was cohesive with the rest of the e ssay. Am not really into literature and I don't think I am a very good writer. Hopefully, that will change after this semester.I think something that would make both essays easier to read would be eliminating the plot summaries. Like novels and in most movies the reader/viewer does not want to have the plot given to them in the beginning. I think both essays would be a better read if their plots were a buildup and the reader was given the opportunity to read and draw their own conclusion.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Coffee and Tea

Coffee and Tea Coffee and tea have existed in the world for a long time. Hundreds of years ago, people who lived in South America started to produce coffee, but the earliest drink likes coffee was made by ancient Arabian. They thought it was a kind of medicine used for stomach. After the 15th century, coffee was spread to other countries such as Egypt and Ottoman Empire by Muslims who were back from Hajj, while in ancient China, Chinese people started to make tea about 3000 years ago. Because of nice environment and weather, the first part of tea plants was discovered in southwest China.After, drink tea became an important culture of Chinese people, and tea began to spread into countries near China. Coffee and tea are similar, but different in some specific area. First, coffee and tea are similar but different in population. People from all around the world like them. For example, British people used to drink a cup of tea with some snacks when they have a rest in the afternoon. Weste rn people enjoy drinking black tea, and some of them mix it with milk to make milky tea. Likewise, most people like drinking coffee, for it often tastes good.In China, more and more people began to drink coffee, and some of whom want to taste better coffee like blue mountain coffee. However, although these two drinks are both popular around the world, coffee is still drunk most by western people, while the most quantity of tea is used in East Asia. People lived in China, Japan, and Korea regarded tea as the main drink. Second, coffee and tea are similar but different in function. Both coffee and tea can refresh people because there is a kind of chemical matter, which is caffeine in both of them.This chemical matter can be used for nerves to make a person feel awake and lively. Also, some experts said that black coffee and green tea can help a person lose weight. But, in contrast, tea has some more functions due to another kind of chemical matter which can’t be found in coffee . This chemical matter that named tea polyphenol whose ability is to relieve the effect that is made by poison. Finally, coffee and tea have similarity and difference in origination. Both of them are made from plants.Thousands of years ago, people lived in Africa planted coffee trees in succeed, and now, Brazil has the most coffee trees in the world. In south of China, there are a lot of terraced fields that grow tea trees. On the other hand, people use leaves from tea to make tea, while they use fruits from coffee plants to make coffee. To sum up, coffee and tea are similar in their population, function, and origination, while they are different of their use in different place, their different chemical matter, and their different material. I suggest that people should drink both coffee and tea so that they can be healthier.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Management of Organizational Behavior Case Study

Management of Organizational Behavior - Case Study Example The effectiveness of leadership and management of human organization can be measured on an individual or group influence process. Both concepts are full-time responsibilities that must be practiced every time wisely due to the complexities of people and a difficult situation by a man of mission and vision for is organization and country. Emotional ways of reacting to the problem are human nature, this access the situational leadership which is fundamentally determined by leader-follower interaction in the pursuance of goal accomplishment, readiness assessment, leadership intervention, appraisal of the results of this intervention and effective follow-up. (p 8). In comparing, Woodrow Wilson by H.W. Brands 2003 and Hersey, et al 2001. Hersey advocate in detail the leadership qualities and roles while, Brand look at leadership basically in relation to then U.S.President "Wilson." Despite tremendous, the effort of his administration Brands did not recognize these. The effect on Wilson ad ministration is sometimes due to the death of his first wife as, by the opinion of Brand, his life was just too full to be given real justice. His work and wealth of experience make him be a distinguished leader in the history of U.S President. Also, the hardship and judicious utilization of opportunity available to him made him be a role model among his successors. Nevertheless, Brands never soars "Woodrow Wilson" to have down a great work, this eludes me. There are three skills and competency of leadership, which is required in the administrating an organization or country. The Wilson administration possesses these qualities, they are diagnosing, adapting and communication.   In analysis this point one after the other, Woodrow Wilson always diagnose the requirement of his environment before embarking on any operation which may either have the positive or negative effect on his people, such decision includes, the establishment of the central bank, and the Federal Reserve in Unite d State. Wilson also used is presidency to effect and administer the national income tax. He used his wealth of knowledge to ensure that United State fosters together and have a formidable growth of centralized Federal power. According to Brands, Wilson being a diplomatic, diagnosed united state and found out that they need to involve in World War 1. These he does by funding Britain and France, in the procurement of their needs at the War front such as ammunition to fight the battle. Then, he finds out that Solder where needed at the battlefield, he provides the combat. This Great War would not have lasted so long if not of his involvement. As a result of this, it causes a lot of damages to the fabric of European civilization and colonial influence. The result of this war made the world to have heard of Herr Hitler and Signor Mussolini, veterans both of front line combat.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Role of Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Role of Manager - Essay Example In the result, experts (Gootnick, pp. 36-40, 1999) are now carrying out studies to understand different aspects of various fields, and this paper is an attempt in the same series that will look into the relationship of individual differences, personality, and intelligence with the role and working of managers in organisations. In particular, analysis (Haslam, pp. 23-29, 2007) has indicated that experience is one of the most imperative components that enable individuals to involve in the process of learning that subsequently allows effective execution of any work or task. In addition, it is an understanding that experience is the key factor that resulted in alteration of abovementioned three notions under focus of this paper. In this regard, one can state that experience plays a crucial role in ensuring effective development of managers; however, experts (Fumham, pp. 56-60, 2008) have noted that experience as mixture of personality, individual differences, and intelligence is not the key notion but the more important thing is the reaction of the manager in response to the experience. In other words, experience does not give lesson but one has to get a lesson from experiences. It will be easier to understand this notion by considering an example. For instance, a manager confronts a situation of an unsatisfied employee in an organisation, and he responds by talking to him personally. On the other hand, another manager confronts the same situation but he decides to consider employee as an under-performing employee without any discussion. The experience or rather confrontation was same; however, responses were different that would have resulted in contradictory outcomes in that organisation. At this point, individual variability or individual differences play a critical role in supporting manager in effective management of the people (Haslam, pp. 46-60, 2007). However, when it comes to individual variability, experts have identified strong relationship of intelligen ce with individual differences and that intelligence plays a significant role in enabling effectiveness in the work. However, individuals often view intelligence from the traditional lens related to academic achievement. In the context of manager’s role, traditional intelligence does not but the practical intelligence ensures effectiveness in manager’s functions. In order to understand the role of intelligence in manager’s part, let the paper include an example. In particular, a traditionally intelligent person refers to the easy understanding of academic facts that is applicable in the example of a student; however, a practically intelligent person means easy understanding of tacit knowledge (Fumham, pp. 69-74, 2008) that works in situation of the manager. In the case of student, knowledge is declarative, whereas when it comes to manager, knowledge becomes procedural that is a student focuses on ‘knowing that’ while manager endeavors on ‘know ing how’ notion that explains how intelligence, particularly, practical intelligence supports manager in effective execution that is effective management of people at the workplace. In order to understand the difference further, academic knowledge refers to information that explains behavior, and on the other hand, tacit knowledge means information that guides or initiates behavior. Further analysis of literature (Hosie, pp. 20-33, 2006) has indicated that there exist certain characteristics that facilitate managers in carrying out their works in terms of managing people, and that simultaneously involves self-development of the managers. In particular, tacit knowledge and experience were once again major

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Corporate Social Responsibility at the Boston Beers Essay - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility at the Boston Beers - Essay Example This research tells that resources such as clean water and air are getting more elusive daily, both in the community, we operate within and in the world over. In Boston, Massachusetts, one of the major problems faced is water pollution. Some members of the public continue to raise concerns over the frequent pollution of their primary water sources that they use as sources of drinking water, domestic consumption, and industrial uses, among other things. Often, members of the public have articulated that unclean water infiltrates their water lines, causing the water supplied to be unusable, especially domestically. In a study conducted by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, it was discovered that the water pollution in the Boston area went as high as 35.71% on the pollution index. The study was based on water collected from beaches, rivers and residential areas. The beach water was voted most polluted owing to the quantity of chemical effluent discovered on testin g the samples collected from them. Apart from chemicals, the water consisted of other wastes such as plastics and sewage. This has raised major concerns over the measures taken by the relevant parties in ensuring access to clean and usable water in the community. Boston Beers Company has a role to play in ensuring a reduction in the level of water pollution in the environs of the company. The company is not solely to blame for water pollution. Even so, there are several reasons as to why the Boston Beers ought to be at the front line in making efforts to reduce water pollution.

Monday, August 26, 2019

The Role of Computers in Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Role of Computers in Childhood - Essay Example The possible negative impacts of computer on each component discussed also have been stated. A general recommendation for the optimization of the impact of computer on each factor has also been added. The essay has been concluded by stating the steps required in further research in the field and it also puts forward the suggestions so as the maximise the boons of computers on childhood while minimising the banes. Every realms of every day routine are increasingly getting affected by the innovations of computer technology. The interaction between the man and the machine, the role of automated commands in facilitating and regulating the professional and personal routines of the day, all has since last few decades turned to be an inevitable reality. Let it be the field of education, science or communication, computers is becoming an integral factor in facilitating the easiness of approach to any utility. The macro and micro level of utilities of computers and its applications has in a broader level made life easier. The equity and improvisation in the access to knowledge as provided by the use of computers have made many of the opportunities of the modern world more sociable. Commerce, Banking, Politics, Media, Industry, Education and the list of facilitated fields in the world by the ever improvising innovation involving computers and its applications are envisaged to increase in the days to c ome. The role of computers and related technology on today’s children and childhood has had interesting developments in the recent years. The parental society of today while envisaging the hilarious impact that computers are going to have over the world in the future, are encouraging the access of the children of today to computers and its numerous applications. The society in that context is of the general view that for children to involve in this new and different world socially, economically, and politically they must acquire a

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Examples of Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Examples of Power - Essay Example If not used properly, problems may arise within an organization. Paul Merchant defines power as the ‘possession of authority and influence over others... a tool that, depending on how it's used, can lead to either positive or negative outcomes in an organization.’ Power relates to the ability to influence or control another’s behavior and action (Zolkiewski). Office politics results to power in a workplace. There are many types of workplace politics and some people enjoy being a part of those in power, while a lot of hate it, given that politics in the workplace being not easy to deal with. Latif, Abideen and Nazar wrote, â€Å"in any organization, it is not very difficult to find a person or group(s) indulging to influence decisions to either keep or supplement their personal interests†¦ organizational politics can work either for or against an organization, but sometimes it is dysfunctional due to its potential power to disturb firm’s efficiency and effectiveness† (Latif et. al. 2011). Power is related to control over valued resources and transforms individual psychology such that the powerful think and act in ways that lead to the retention and acquisition of power (Magee and Galinsky, 2008). Organizational processes are influenced by institutionalization of power in organizations. Boonstra and Gravenhorst (1998) stated â€Å"that power in formal organizational structures and existing organizational arrangements have been changing dramatically†¦ global competition and deregulation have led many companies to search for new forms of organization. Responsibilities, power, and accountability are being channeled to executives in charge and new forms of employment relations being developed†. Power groups can influence managers and executives (David P. Mills, Ronald M. Cervero, Christine A. Langone and Arthur L. Wilson, 1995) to exclude certain people in an organization from participating in decision making. Paul M erchant identifies five types of power, namely, legitimate power, expert power, referent power, coercive power and reward power. Rosa Krausz (1986) added another type of power to the five, and that is, interpersonal competence. Legitimate power, also known as positional power, is acquired from the position a person holds in an organization's hierarchy. People in organizations who have higher positions who give orders are normally followed by subordinates. In a work place, we normally follow the order given to us by people occupying higher positions than us. Expert power acquired from possessing knowledge or expertise. These people are where other coworkers go to as they are seen as experts in certain fields and can help them in situations in the workplace. While working on a research, we have many people working in a group. Though we work together, each of us have our own expertise. The person we see as having the greatest knowledge about a topic is normally acknowledged as the lead er of the group because we know that he can direct the activity better. Referent power is derived from the interpersonal relationships a person cultivates with other people within the organization. This power arises from charisma (Lourdes Munduate and Kilian M. Bennebroek Gravenhorst, 2003), one who influences others through admiration, respect and trust (Marilyn M. Kennedy). Merchant said that this power is derived

Saturday, August 24, 2019

The New Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The New Terrorism - Essay Example This modern structure is in the forms of a network, eased by information technology, the modern personnel are amateurs, who in most case, collaborate in ad hoc or transitory groups, as well as the modern attitude an intensified willingness of causing mass casualties, maybe by using weapons of chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological (CBNR). Both network organizations, along with amateur participation have the perception that the "new terrorists" are no longer in need of state sponsorship compared to their predecessors thereby being extremely dangerous or at least extremely difficult in countering than its predecessor (Andrew & Kumar 2002, p.10). Terrorists have the capability and willingness of developing network king of organization for similar reasons as those of businesses. This is the necessitated by the information revolution, which lowers the cost of communication, thereby permitting organizations in pushing for functions out of a controlling hierarchical structure. Theref ore, organizations are capable of flattening out their pyramids of authority, while, at the same time, controlling and approaching a network form, a grouping of more or less independent, dispersed entities, connected by developed communications and maybe nothing more than a common reason. Motivating or forcing the shift from hierarchy to network happens to be the advantages acquired by an organization while transforming itself (Gutteridge 1986, p.35). It turns out to be more supple, adaptive, as well as resilient since each of its units is capable of sensing and reacting on its own in unfastened integration with the others. This increases the opportunities for the organization for learning, while making it extremely flexible, as well as adaptive. The organization turns out to be extremely resilient since if one or even a number of its constituent entities get destroyed, the others are persistent; therefore, a network, not like a hierarchy, is incapable of getting destroyed through d ecapitation. In terrorists’ case, there is a possibility that the loosely connected autonomous entities making up a network could be individuals, for instance Ramzi Yousef accredited for organizing the World Trade Center bombing. There is also a possibility that the entities framing terrorist networks could be large, formal, or hierarchical organizations thereby working altogether devoid of any common hierarchy or main commanding authority amongst them. No matter what the constituents of the network are, the absence of this innermost authority or control is what makes it a network. It is this characteristic giving networks their suppleness, adaptiveness, as well as resilience, permitting them gains over organizations such as the U.S. government, which seem to be hierarchical industrial-age relics (Hallstorm 2011, p.51). An ideal example of manifestation of this networking happens to be the propagation of the amateur terrorist, along with the ad hoc terrorist grouping. Amateur s collaborate with the like-minded in conducting a terrorist attack and eventually getting disbanded. They do not undergo training or other logistical backing from state-sponsors; rather depend on networks of supporters, studying what is necessary from publications or the Internet or dismissed soldiers.

Friday, August 23, 2019

Living Inside and Outside Prison Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Living Inside and Outside Prison - Assignment Example Although there are certain preconceived notions about prisoners and their way of life within the system, the existence of police shows and their realistic prison life story lines have helped me understand what prison life may actually be like and has provided me with a wider perception of who these prisoners are and what it takes to survive on the inside. Our class readings helped to further reinforce that which I already knew and added to my knowledge of the real life situation these prisoners experience. Survival in a normal society is set upon societal rules drawing from our Bill of Rights. It allows us immense freedom within which to understand others, live our lives, and choose whom we shall mingle with socially and why. These rules do not exist in prison. I believe this is because of a difference in perception. While free people view leaders like the police and other government officials as friends who help keep order and peace within our communities, prison guards and administrative staff are viewed by prisoners as enemies who are out to make their life harder through punishments and deprivation of what little liberties the prisoners enjoy. And it is because of that very reason that inmates and prison staff are not allowed to form friendships. Since the staff are viewed as the enemies, their lives are in danger each time that they mingle with the prisoners. Prisoners see them as the conveyors of punishment and mistrust. They cannot be trusted by the prisoners because they function by rules which are meant to deprive prisoners of their humanity and individualism. At least that is how I believe the prisoners collectively view the prison