How Pollution Affects Ecosystems and the Global Climate Essay example

How Pollution Affects Ecosystems and the Global Climate Introduction The main theme of our lesson is how pollution affects ecosystems and the global climate. We aim to teach 4th and 5th grade students about erosion in order for them to gain awareness about the anthropogenic (human-induced) impacts on the environment and global climate change as well as to generate ideas on how they can reduce their own ecological footprints. We feel this is important because the lesson not only educates students, but also motivates them to take action. This lesson will cover many of the Colorado State Academic Standards, not only science-related (Physical and Life Sciences, Science as an Inquiry, and Science in Personal and Social Perspectives), but also those pertaining to geography (Human Systems and Environment and Society) and language arts (Communication Skills and Strategies and Applying Language Skills). There are four essential components to the lesson. The first will serve as a formative assessment of students’ knowledge of pollution by playing a game which asks â€Å"have you ever† questions (for example, â€Å"have you ever heard of global warming?†). This activity is significant in our lesson because it is a hook to get students thinking about the ways they already help and hurt the environment. The next part will introduce students to the concept of an ecosystem, a fundamental unit of the biosphere. We will present the students with a fish inside of a bowl of water and ask whether or not they think this is an ecosystem. We will then add various other living and non-living components and ask the students each time. Afterwards, we will explain the concept of an ecosystem in further detail. The next activity com... ...obal_climate_change>. Cohen, Jordan, and Nick Hopwood. "Greenhouse Gases and Society." University of Michigan. 26 Sept. 2006 . "Ecosystems." Thinkquest. 26 Sept. 2006 . "Greenhouse Gases: Frequently Asked Questions." NOAA Satellite and Information Service. 1 Dec. 2005. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 26 Sept. 2006 . "National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) Standards Key." CSI: Climate Status Investigations. The Keystone Center. 26 Sept. 2006 . â€Å"Types of Pollution.† Pollution: A Global Threat to the Environment. 2001. Thinkquest. 27 Sept. 2006

Psychoeducational Groups, the Best Option for Teen Mom

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL GROUPS:THE BEST OPTIONS FOR TEEN MOMS. English 215 November 24,2012 Teen pregnancy has been a problem in the United States for years. Although rates have dropped since the 1990’s, teen pregnancy rates in the United States are still higher than other western societies. Teenage pregnancy is accompanied with many negative consequences such as shortened educational experience, diminished employment, larger family size, increased risk of single- parent and poverty. Teen mothers struggle on a daily basis, if you are one of them you should visit a psychoeducational group.Teen mothers should attend psychoeducational groups because they can teach teen moms parenting skills, social skills, and provide them with the support they need in order to maintain a healthy life style. The group can also include teenage fathers. Psychoeducational groups will work best for this population because it will create a safe place where teenagers can learn parenting skills and have the s upport of one another. Since each teen is going through the same situation, they will be able to relate to one another and feel understood.While there are negative consequences for the mother, the infant is also at risk by being born to a teenage mother. One of the most common occurrences is low birth weight. Low birth weight increases the mortality rate. It also has long-term effects such as developmental and cognitive delays. Low birth weight can be caused by the mother’s lack of prenatal care, poor diet and stress. Prior to becoming pregnant, the teen’s bodies are not prepared for the change. Pregnancy takes a toll on the body that most teens are not ready for. When their body is not ready, the baby can witness the negative effects.The teens need to adopt healthier lifestyles once they become pregnant. They group will provide information about the importance of a healthy diet. They will also be encouraged to seek prenatal care and attend the necessary appointments. By teaching the girls the importance of health care, they will be able to carry it over to their child’s life. The group is clearly for pregnant teens and for teen mothers since they will teach them to take care of themselves before they give birth, that way when they have the baby the teenagers will be able to take ood care of the kids. Lacking these skills is no surprise because the teens were not prepared to become mothers and have a lack of knowledge about child development. In addition, it is important that teens learn parenting skills. The teens need to be taught child care skills in order to better their life and the life of their child. Throughout life, the infant will depend on the parent for the basic needs of life. If the parent is not able to provide, the child will suffer. The group provides them with the support they need to implement the skills.The types of skills the girls can learn are†¦ Also, teenage mothers are less likely to be responsive to their chi ld, less positive child rearing attitudes, more likely to abuse their children. Learning these skills can decrease this. The stress that comes along with teen parenting is inevitable. It can stem from many aspects of their life such as school, financial responsibilities, and providing a safe environment for their child. Stress can be linked to an increase in psychological problems for the mother and increased birth complications.Teenage mothers are more prone to developing depression. However, receiving social support can decrease the amount of stress the teen experiences. When the amount of stress is decreases, the risk of birth complications also lowers. It also decreases depressive symptoms post birth. Many teen mothers lack the support they need when they are going through this stage of life. While learning new skills, the teens are also able to gain a new support system. We can define support as the presences of stable human relationships.The mothers need support because most o f them, not all, come from a low socioeconomic status; minority status, urban living, and having single parent. Having a stable human relationship can be hard to find living under these conditions. Therefore, the group is able to provide the mothers with the support they need in order to overcome the obstacles of teen pregnancy. During the teenage years, individuals go through many developmental changes such as identity development, emerging independence, and developing intimate relationships with others.When adding a baby to the equation, the situation only becomes harder and it puts stress on the development of the teenager. Much of their development is put on hold because of the baby and the need to jump into the mother role when they are not prepared. Therefore, they do not learn how to develop intimate relationships with their peers. In addition to the educational aspect of the group; it can also provide a social network for the girls. They are able to interact with others and learn how to develop intimate relationships.Since they are all struggling with the same issue, they will find it easier to relate to one another. The mother’s education level is the main predictor of the baby’s life outcome. If the mother does not receive a high school diploma, the chances of living in poverty are increased. The group can educate mothers on alternative ways to obtain a high school diploma. There are many options the teens can use to obtain a high school diploma. One alternative is obtaining a G. E. D. There are also program that allow teens to finish high school in their home.The most important thing the group can do is encourage the mothers to finish high school and teach them the negative consequences of not finishing high school. Obtaining a well-paying job will be difficult without a high school diploma. The girls will also not be able to continue their education without a high school diploma. Living in poverty can lead to a lack of many necessitie s of life such as health care. Not having health care can put the baby at risk because they are not receiving routine check-ups.If they are not able to afford health care, there are many social services that can make health care accessible to them that they may not know about. Teens need to be educated on the methods available in order to prevent having more children. Many teenagers do not use any type of contraceptive during their first sexual experience. The group can offer the girls education about contraceptives and the correct way to use them. Many sexual education courses in the United States promote abstinence. While that would be the desirable result for all teens, it is not always the case.There are many forms of contraceptives that can be readily available to the girls if they continue to be sexually active. It is important to educate them on this topic so they can avoid having another child. The group offers a neutral environment in which they girls can ask any question t hey want and offer them information about different types of contraceptives. When helping teenage mothers overcome their struggles, they need to be taught certain skills in order to survive. The psychoeducational group will provide them with the resources they need.Teenagers will benefit from a group setting over an individual setting. For one, they will be able to engage with other girls who are going through the same thing and they can see that they are not alone. In the individual setting, teenagers may feel singled out or attacked. It can be hard for them to relate to someone who is not in the same situation as them. Also, since teen mothers do not have the time to socialize and develop social skills, the group setting offers them a chance to develop the social skills needed. They will have an interactive experience for the purpose of learning new skills.While interacting with other people, they will be exposed to new ideas and viewpoints about their situation. Learning how to s ocialize with others will improve their relationships at home. It can also improve their self-esteem. While learning from the other girls, they can also teach them the strategies they have used. The focus of psychoeducational groups is preventing behaviors and teaching new skills. Therefore, it is not therapy based. This can be beneficial when working with teenagers because therapy can be viewed as a negative thing.For some cultures, seeking therapy may even be out of the question. If the group is based on developing skills, it takes away from the therapy aspect. Since many of the teen mothers are not ready for motherhood, the group can provide them with the necessary parenting skills they will need to know. By teaching them parenting skills, the girls can be more confident in their parenting abilities. When they know how to appropriately handle a situation, they are less likely to take it out on their children. Also, keeping their stress at a low level will have positive benefits f or the parent-child relationship.The benefits of a psychoeducational group for teen pregnancy are evident. At this age, teens are experiencing many developmental changes and raising a child at the same time can be overwhelming. Since teen pregnancy is becoming more common, it is inevitable that counselors working with adolescences or families will encounter this topic. Once they are taught the right skills needed, they will feel more confident about being a parent. References: 1-Ambul Pediatr (2003). The parenting project for teen mothers: the impact of a nurturing curriculum on adolescent parenting skills and life hassles. ONLINE] Available at: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12974663. 2- Mobley, J, & Fort, S. D. (2007). Planning psycho-educational groups for school. Retrieved August 28,2007 from http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas07/Mobley. pdf. 3- Bethany Casarjian (2003). The youth project. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. lionheart. org/youth/youth_landing. 4- Valerie Burgess (2005). Improving Comfort About sex communication between parents and heir adolescents. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. hawaii. edu/hivandaids/Improving_Comfort_About_Sex_Communication_Between_Parents

European Essay Example for College Students - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1713 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? A Case Study of a Narrow Definition of Europe Europeis ringed from Kalingrad in the North, to the Caucasus and Central Asia, tothe Balkans by an arc of danger and instability. (EU Commissioner forexternal realtions Christopher Patten, July 2001). Does this mean that at the present time Europe and the European are one and the same thing? Introduction: The European or EU citizen is at the present time becoming synonymous with the definition of the point to where the continent of Europe extends. This seems to be the case with the present reaction to enlargement and the focus on crime from outside the borders of the EU and the fears of crime from the newly integrated countries and from those countries that ring the EU. Enlargement will illustrate the new tiered system in the EU, the newly ascended countries from post-Communist countries, which are viewed as not truly European. Therefore this discussion will illustrate how the definition of what Europe is in the 21st Century has been narrowed from the expanse of the European continent to the membership of the EU; whereby countries are aiming to join this political unit in order to gain legitimacy within the global political and economic structure. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "European Essay Example for College Students" essay for you Create order Enlargement A Case Study of a Narrow Definition of Europe: Enlargement of the EU is a mixed blessing, because on one hand it is helping to achieve a status of stability and cohesiveness throughout the region. On the other hand, there are concerns that in making the Union larger will in fact de-stabilize the region. This is due to prejudice of certain groups which would have free access in the region, one such group are the Roma Gypsy migrants from Slovakia. In the past few months the newspapers have displayed the concerns of the British public and politicians about these migrants when the nation joins the EU. Therefore this introduces the question whether the EU really respects the integrity of cultural difference? Other problems include the possible de-stabilizing of the economy by incorporating smaller, less affluent countries; marginal and war torn countries; and transitional countries. These countries could also cause the EU problems in regard to its unique approach of ensuring cohesiveness by using the rule of law, because if th e EU gets too large it may not be possible any longer to ensure its political and legal stability. Therefore the consistency and coherence that the rule of law ensures is no longer apparent due to the sheer size of the Union. Another problem lies in the fact that smaller nations may not have the legal, political and economic clout to ensure that their agenda is considered. Although previously it has been mentioned that the EUs rule of law acts as a check and balance to more powerful nations, in truth the original countries in the EU were mainly ex-colonial empires. The newer nations that are joining the EU are akin to colonies of a colonial power, therefore there is an inherent imbalance in the Union. However in response to the negative effects of the possible de-stabilization of the region, one must consider that in order to join the Union each nation must have fulfilled the Copenhagen Criteria. This criterion states that each joining nation must be: Be a stable democ racy, respecting human rights, the rule of law, and the protection of minorities; have a functioning market economy; adopt the common rules, standards and policies that make up the body of EU law. The EU paints a very enthusiastic picture of enlargement, where the only outcome of enlargement is beneficial. In truth this is a very lopsided picture because of the public outcry against the possible immigration into the original EU states. This can be seen in the article by Cathy Newman in the Financial Times: Britain will throw open its doors to workers from the former communist countries joining the European Union on May 1, but those that refuse to get a job will be denied benefits and thrown out, the government has pledged Tony Blair after months of pressure from the Tories and the right wing press over fears of an influx of immigrants from the former Soviet bloc vowed: If they cant support themselves, they will be put out of the country. This article ill ustrates the problems that have occurred within one nation over the policy of enlargement. Although the enlargement is supposed to bring together the European region, the public opinion of at least one EU nation is resisting the expansion, in relation to economic migrants migrants which the nation has traditionally refused asylum applications. However these fears may be unfounded because as Kraus Schwager argue that increased migration from East to West EU countries would only occur under the fear of rejection to Union membership. In fact they argue that the EUs expansion will have a beneficial effect on the economy of these smaller nations and this will result in a boost of their economies and job market, hence reducing the amount of migrants from East to West. The conclusion of their article they state that: Policy makers who are, for whatever reason, reluctant to accept large numbers of immigrants should not feel troubled with enlargement. On the contrary, the prospe ct of joining the EU may well reduce immigration. The economic and social benefits which probably accrue to Eastern Europe from accession should be presented as a means to reducing the incentives to emigrate. Policies which enhance convergence of income levels in eastern and Western Europe, such as the internal market and, possibly, Structural Funds should be promoted. .. In this process, diverging interests of major EU members have created substantial uncertainty about the date and conditions of accession. It is quite plausible that such uncertainty has raised the fear among potential migrants that accession may fail or be postponed for a long time. According to our result, this may have increased immediate immigration. Thus, if immigration is not desirable, for future accession rounds a straightforward and predictable negotiation process is to be recommended. Hence Kraus Schwager argue that the fears of the right, which have been fed to the public through the media, conc erning immigration from the East that will de-stabilize the economy, have no place. This is because the possible migrants would prefer to stay in their homeland with a stronger and growing economy rather than move to another nation. However, although these fears may be unfounded the resistance to these new citizens from the Eastern Europe illustrates the possible de-stabilization of the EU politically. In addition to this it causes problems legally because the cornerstone and the uniqueness of the EU lies within the rule of law and one of the most important laws that is upheld is the Free Movement of EU Citizens, which includes their ability to trade, reside and work in part of the EU. Yet, the accession of the new Eastern European nations has heralded blocks to this ability by many of the original and major EU players. In the UK it has caused a debate because the government was going to allow a free movement of possible immigrants but this has been resisted by the right, as well as members of the public. This is illustrated by the arguments of Michael Howard, leader of the Conservative Party: Mr Howard, seeking to make political capital out of Labours discomfort on the issue, will accuse the Government of complacency over the implications of the EUs expansion in May. This comes as the Government sought to play down fears that Britain would be flooded by migrants seeking work in more prosperous parts of the EU. During a high-profile visit to Burnley, the scene of race riots in2001, Mr Howard will demand that Britain copy the transitional arrangements adopted by Germany and France to prevent citizens from new EU members from working there. Mr Howard will say: The Conservative Party has always supported the enlargement of the EU to take in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe. We continue to do so. But he will continue: Almost every other country in the EU has quite rightly taken the precaution of putting in place transitional arrangements to deal with immigration from the accession countries. It is still not too late for the British Government to put in place transitional arrangements as well. If we were in government, we would do so. The Government has approached this problem in typical fashion. First it failed to address it, then it ignored it, now it is claiming to face up to it. In short the cohesiveness that the EU has claimed will occur with the enlargement has not happened in the expected manner. Ever since enlargement there have been a greater amount of problems combating organized crime, because of decreased security, corruption of public officials in favour of organized crime groups in the newly acceded nations and the breaches of human rights in arrests. Therefore this creates problems for combating organized crime with either prisoners being let off on technicalities, the vastness of places to hide decreasing the effectiveness of policing or the police not interested in fighting o rganized crime. Kennedy has commented that the EU is committed to justly and fairly fighting organized crime within the realms of human rights and justice; however its weakness is that it relies only on specific domestic member state intelligence: We are being told that Europol and Eurojust the new European body to strengthen collaboration between justice ministries and prosecution services- will only act on specific intelligence. This is to rely on the integrity of the state and its officials [I]t also means relying on the intelligence of other countries and, as I have said before, we have no idea about how this may be collected and by what standards. Justice does not permit shortcuts, but governments will readily pursue quick and dirty solutions to problems if not kept under scrutiny. Therefore by purely relying on only specific intelligence this will reduce the effectiveness of the fight against organized crime, especially when there is the added problem of corrup t post-communist regimes that have joined the EU after enlargement; whereby the true European, i.e. the EU citizen needs to be protected especially those original member states which define the true Europe.

Coleridge And The Exploration Of The Supernatural Essay

Coleridge and The Exploration of The Supernatural Samuel Taylor Coleridge had such an imaginative mind, especially in the late-eighteenth century. I wish I could personally peek inside his mind, but my only option is to read his works in order to develop an insight of his thought process. What attracts to me to Coleridge’s writing is not only the rhyme structure, but the themes that he works with within his poetry. I am particularly fond of the following themes: the supernatural, good and evil, transformation, and influence. In order to explore these themes within Coleridge’s work I have selected two poems to research, the poems are the following: â€Å"Christabel† and â€Å"The Rime of The Ancient Mariner.† The two poems that I have chosen incorporate all the themes I have mentioned. When these themes are used to unify a work it brings about ambiguity and uncertainty to the reader. According to Stoll, superstition and the supernatural were popular themes for Romantic writers. Stoll states the followin g, † . . . As everybody knows, 1798, the date of the publication, was near the high tide of English Romanticism, a period at which the interest in the superstitious and the supernatural-ghosts and other spirits, witchcraft and magic, omens and forebodings-was widely prevalent. . .(222).† These themes leave us wondering if Geraldine is some sort of evil entity. Schwartz states, â€Å"The story is, like a dream of lovely forms, mixed with strange and indescribable terrors. The scene, theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Role of the Imagination for Romantic Poets1672 Words   |  7 Pagesimagination allowed poets to see beyond surface value, to create an external world of existence. It permitted them to see the truth beyond powers of reason and rationality. Samuel Taylor Coleridge in particular was a poet fascinated with the potential and limitless possibilities of the imagination. Coleridge placed considerable emphasis upon the imagination as a focal element within his poetry. He categorised the imagination into two key sectors; the primary imagination and secondary imaginationRead MoreThe French Revolution Of The 18th Century907 Words   |  4 PagesWordsworth and Samuel Coleridge. Accordingly, these poets illustrated the ideals of these revolutionary beliefs to reach the public consciousness of their society through poetic portrayals of the individual achieving greatness or personal understanding through the emotion of nature. As a result, this explication will demonstrate an exploration of romantic techniques to create an interpretation of my poem while examining the elements of Romantic poetry in general based on the works of Coleridge and WordsworthRead MoreThe Ancient Mariner Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ancient Marine r Through The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Coleridge has created a masterpiece. 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Although the poem’s deliberate use of antiquated lang uage differed from romantic poetry’s use of modern languageRead MoreOld Norse Literary Traditions : Causes And Consequences Of Gothic Literature1547 Words   |  7 Pagesin Old Norse literary traditions crafted by the Gothic peoples of Scandinavia (Monnet)(â€Å"Goth†). Common tropes native to Old Norse literature include the protagonist suffering punishment for failing â€Å"to observe the heroic code†, references to the supernatural including â€Å"soothsayers, ghosts, incantations, gory imagery, and the eagerness of a bloody death†, and using the human body as a medium to explore â€Å"social issues such as aristocratic privilege, as well as traditional institutions such as the church†Read MoreHamlet’s Astounding Success Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pages(24-25).    This play is ranked by many as the very greatest ever written. Cumberland Clark in â€Å"The Supernatural in Hamlet† gives the consensus regarding Hamlet that exists among literary critics of today:    At least six or seven years pass after the writing of Midsummer Night’s Dream before we find Shakespeare engaged on Hamlet, the second of the great plays with an important Supernatural element, and, in the opinion of many, the greatest tragedy ever penned. (99)    There is no moreRead MoreOrientalism : The Romantic Era Of British Literature And Meshes Essay2475 Words   |  10 Pagesoriental fantasy of the east. The romantic period in Britain was recognized as a time of global travel and exploration, accession of colonies all over the world, and development of imperialist ideologies that rationalized the British takeover of distant territories. Many of the poets of the nineteenth century looked to orientalism for inspiration. Oriental tales featured exotic settings, supernatural happenings, extravagant events, characters, behavior, emotion, and speech. Romanticism and OrientalismRead More‚Äà ²for Me, the Story Is Less a Horror‚Ä ¶Than a Larger Than Life Gothic Fairytale‚Äà ´ (Kenneth Brannagh) How Far and in What Ways Do You Agree with This Description of the Text?1960 Words   |  8 Pagesintense language, yet during the novel, many other themes are introduced, especially in confronting the problems within society during the 19th century, such as the position of women, and the problems of the legal system, and so it is through the exploration of these other key themes which, for many readers, makes Frankenstein a tale of so much more than a horror. Although Shelley originally wrote her novel as part of a ‘ghost story’ competition amongst friends, it is more complex and deals with greaterRead MoreRomanticism versus Neoclassicism2775 Words   |  12 Pagesrelates to the outside world. Works ranging from Rousseaus Confessions and Reveries of a Solitary Walker to Wordsworths Prelude, Coleridges  «conversation » poems,  «Dejection »,  «Frost at Midnight »,  «Lime Tree Beauty » are examples of the romantic exploration of the self. Because romantics see the individuals relation to the outside world as the source of morality and wisdom, the importance of nature becomes a prime concern. Unlike urban environments that distort and hinder ones sense of relation toRe ad MoreHow Successfully Do Waltons Letters Introduce the Central Themes and Concerns of the Novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley?1980 Words   |  8 Pagesrealise where ethical frontiers stand. Both Frankenstein and Walton refuse to live a normal and calm life and decide to go on adventures for knowledge. Neither of them can see reason and they prefer glory and fame to wealth. They pursue science and exploration to benefit mankind, but also for personal glory. A question the readers often ask is whether they have good motifs, or whether their ambitions are driving them crazy. Waltons language reflections on his passion and warm-heartedness. He writes

Ronald Reagan and Communism - 3036 Words

Ronald Reagan and Communism Introduction Critics remarked that Ronald Reagan tended to perceive things in terms of black and white, and his attitude toward Soviet concerns was no different. The organizing principle of Reagans defense and foreign polices was anti-Communism, and Soviet policy to him pervaded every part of the globe. Each of Reagans predecessors, from 1945 onwards, had been occupied with the possible Soviet threat towards America but Reagan was obsessed with it. Unlike his predecessors, too, he saw no possibility of compromise with the USSR, simply discounting communism as a sad, bizarre chapter in human history whose last pages are even now being written (Dallek, 129). Interestingly enough, Harpers editor Lewis H. Lapham commented that Reagans anti-Soviet rhetoric may have reflected concerns about his own country. America was suffering from big government, atheism, and relaxed moral standards. America saw in the USSR what it most fears in itself†¦ Americans portray [it] as a monolithic prison, a dull and confined place where nobody is safe and nobody is free. The America of the 1980s portrayed Russia as a land of coarse commissars and exploited peasants where cruel ideologies bent on world domination flourished and produced victims of a repressive and greedy government. How different does this sound to capitalist America of Reaganism? Indeed, Lapham concluded that Americans aim at the targets of their own despotism. (quoted by Scheer, 148-149).Show MoreRelatedThe Legacy of Ronald Reagan1004 Words   |  5 PagesRonald Reagan is to this date the oldest serving president, and the effects of his presidency have affected not only the United State s of America but most of the world as well. The consensus among historians is that Ronald Reagan left a lasting legacy that was a great one in numerous ways. 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Reagans track record proved to be very strong and included welfare cuts, decreasing the number of state employees, and halting radical student protesters. Like other GOP members, Reagan came into office promising to limit the power of

Business Economics Revolution Global Market

Question: Discuss about the Business Economics for Revolution Global Market. Answer: Introduction In economics, the fundamental of demand and supply have determined the price of a commodity. In the case of determining the global coal pricing, there is no exemption. In the contemporary global industrial scenario, global consumption of coal has fallen to a record low due to weakening Chinese demand and declining oil and gas prices (Goldenberg, 2016). Meanwhile, the lower crude oil prices have played a significant role in falling coal price in the global market. Due to the cheaper affordability of oil, the demand for coal has been shifted away causing the huge slump in the prices. Invariably, due to sluggish demand, the prices of coal fell by 20 percent in 2015 indicating the worries of the coal exporters (Giraud, 2009). Understandably, the report paper reviews the reason of falling coal prices based on supply and demand concept. Additionally, the impact of such massive slump in the coal prices on the coal importing and exporting economies has been described herein for further discu ssion standpoint. Reason for the fall in the price of Coal It can be seen that the price of coal has fallen due to several reasons that impacts the demand and supply of coal in the global market (Kalkuhl, 2015). The primary factors that have led to the fall of coal prices are discussed herein below: Decline of coal use: With new development of fossil fuels and bio-fuels, the use of coal has declined in several major industries (Barradale, 2010). Large industries have shift to electric furnace for higher productivity and environmental sustainability. Coal is Uneconomic: It has been found by most of the coal miners that coal is uneconomic and it has led them to financial losses in the current years. Hence, the producers restrained supply to increase the price that resulted in a negative fall in the demand. It further reduced the price of coal in the international market (Carter, 2007). Environmental issues: Environmental issues are a primary reason for the fall of demand of coal in the market. It can be seen through analysis that coal creates more pollution as compared to petroleum and liquid gas. The increased concerned among the public regarding environment conservation led to fall in the demand of coal (Corley, 2015). It further led to fall in the price of the commodity. Political crackdowns: Political instability and changes in legislations have been other factors impacting the price of coal in the Australian as well as global market (Goldenberg, 2016). Changes in taxation rate and price floor policy of the government have forcefully brought the price of coal down. A demand and supply analysis of coal is presented to understand the primary reason for the fall in the price of the fossil fuel. It can be seen that the demand for coal has fallen in the international market with an increase in the supply that has gradually decreased the price of the commodity in the global market (Hennessy, 2008). A diagrammatic explanation is presented herein below: Figure: Demand and Supply of Coal Source: (Fensom, 2016) It can be seen from the above figure that the demand falls from D to D and the supply increases from S to S. Hence, the price equilibrium shifts from Po to Pe (Fensom, 2016). Therefore, a fall in the price can be seen due to fall in the demand and rise in the supply of coal. The effect of fall of price on the economies Impact on huge coal importing countries such as India Coal has been identified as one of the scare domestic energy resources for economies such as India. As a result of the falling coal prices, Indian industries will be highly benefitted due to changing economies dynamics. Also, the import volumes of coal have been estimated to rise by 33% in the next couple of years as domestic production of coal has lagged significant demand (Thurber and Morse, 2015). Moreover, the power sector of Indian economy will certainly get a massive boost from the falling coal prices as the power projects of companies such as Tata Power, Essar Power and Adani Power are running on imported coal. Correspondingly, due to the cheaper affordability of imported coal, the input costs for Indian metal and cement manufacturing corporations will reduce, sustaining business profitability (Murray and Granzow, 2008). Meanwhile, falling imported coal prices will improve the operating margins of the power as well as manufacturing industries supporting the economic growth of the country (Odell, 2014). Impact on huge coal exporting countries such as Australia The slump in coal prices can create a sustainable economic crisis in Australia as the economy may suffer huge losses in exports. Since the past two decades or so, the Australian economy has remained within an economic bubble though other global economies have shown sluggish growth rate (Fleming, 2010). Currently, the massive slump in coal prices has created significant economies woes to the Australian exports to China; the number one trading partner of the economy has declined by 4% (Fensom, 2016). The coal prices have dropped to below $70 per metric ton due to sluggish demand and lower crude oil prices. From economic standpoint, falling coal prices have contributed to the decline in the Australian mining gross domestic product by 2% from 9% in 2012 to 7%. Under the current pricing of coal has forced coal miners such as BHP to cut jobs. Therefore, the mining employment has faced significant drop down by 29 percent (Fensom, 2016). Meanwhile, the falling coal prices have created fresh economic troubles for coal exporting nations such as Australia. Impact on countries with huge production as well as huge consumption such as China The current demand and supply structure of coal have forced record decline in production in China in the last 14 years frustrating the mining companies operating in the economy (Schernikau, 2010). Under the circumstantial evidence, the falling demand for coal due to lower crude oil prices and sluggish economic growth of China has forced Chinas coal spending and production to fall indicating the sinking scenario of the global coal market. Being the largest coal producer and consumer of the global economy, the drop down of production and consumption of coal has compelled to slump further in price (Liu, Margaritis and Zhang, 2013). According to the reports of the National Bureau of Statistics, coal production in China has declined by 2.5 percent to 3.87 billion metric ton whereas the consumption is also reduced by 2.9 percent (Yang, 2016). The current scenario of coal market has forced the coal mining corporations to reduce their production as they have faced huge losses due to lack of demand and slump in pricing. Notably, the price of coal has fallen by 50% from its international benchmark price to $62 per metric ton. The effect of fall of price on the business or industry The businesses/industries likely to benefit from the fall of coal price The businesses or industries that need coal in their production process are mainly benefited by the fall of coal price. Some of the primary industries include electricity production businesses, steel producing companies, iron-ore companies, and other energy needing companies (Wickham and Reinhart, 2014). In other words, the companies that have furnace that runs on coal are benefited by the fall in the price of coal (Yang, 2016). This is because the fall in the price of coal will lead to the fall in the production price that helps the companies to increase its profitability. Hence, the industries that require coal in the production process are primarily benefited by the fall in the price of coal. The businesses/industries likely to lose out from the fall of coal price Business and industries that produce coals and deals with coal products are likely to lose out from the fall of the coal price (Ã…Å ¾eker, 2012). The coal producers of Australia such as BMA Mines, Anglo Coal Australia Ltd, BHP Billiton, Hunter Valley Energy Coal, Centennial Coal Company Ltd and many more coal producing companies are facing losses due to the fall in the coal prices (Gaspar and Pereira, 2015). This is because the fall in the price leads to fall in the revenue and the production cost remains the same that makes the coal producing companies incur loss due to the fall in the price of coal. Conclusion The existing slump in the price of coal has created a mixed impact on different economies, to say the least. Understandably, the coal importing economies such as India has been massively benefitted from the falling price of the mineral as the power sector of the economy will get a huge boost due to the event. Conversely, the massive exporters of coal such as Australia have suffered colossal hammering as far as economic standpoint is concerned. The mining industry and export markets in Australia have been adversely impacted due to the falling prices of coal. Most of all, the massive producer and consuming countries such as China has seen biggest decline in the production and consumption in the last 14 years. Apparently, the power sector has been primarily benefitted due to cheaper coal pricing whereas the mining industry of coal has faced the beating. References Barradale, M. (2010).Practitioner Perspectives Matter. Berkeley, CA. Carter, L. (2007). Coal: Invoking "the Rule of Reason" in an Energy-Environment Conflict.Science, 198(4314), pp.276-280. Corley, K. (2015). Coal Price Regulation.Science, 188(4191), pp.886-886. Fensom, A. (2016).Australian coal sector eyes green shoots. [online] World Coal. Available at: https://www.worldcoal.com/special-reports/10062016/Australian-coal-sector-eyes-green-shoots-943/ [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Fleming, G. (2010). Collusion and Price Wars in the Australian Coal Industry during the Late Nineteenth Century.Business History, 42(3), pp.47-70. Gaspar, V. and Pereira, A. (2015). The impact of financial integration and unilateral public transfers on investment and growth in EC capital-importing countries.Journal of Development Economics, 48(1), pp.43-66. Giraud, P. (2009). International coal prices.Natural Resources Forum, 13(4), pp.330-332. Goldenberg, S. (2016).The death of US coal: industry on a steep decline as cheap natural gas rises. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/08/us-coal-industry-decline-natural-gas [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Hennessy, D. (2008). Industry equilibrium under price distribution and cost shifts.Journal of Economics and Business, 50(6), pp.509-523. Kalkuhl, M. (2015). How Strong Do Global Commodity Prices Influence Domestic Food Prices in Developing Countries? A Global Price Transmission and Vulnerability Mapping Analysis.SSRN Electronic Journal. Liu, M., Margaritis, D. and Zhang, Y. (2013). Market-driven coal prices and state-administered electricity prices in China.Energy Economics, 40, pp.167-175. Murray, F. and Granzow, S. (2008). Coal, the Environment, and the Rule of Reason.The Washington Quarterly, 1(2), pp.86-91. Odell, P. (2014).Why carbon fuels will dominate the 21st century's global energy economy. Brentwood, England: Multi-Science Pub. Co. Schernikau, L. (2010).Economics of the international coal trade. Dordrecht: Springer. Ã…Å ¾eker, M. (2012). Importing, Exporting, and Innovation in Developing Countries.Review of International Economics, 20(2), pp.299-314. Thurber, M. and Morse, R. (2015).The global coal market. Wickham, P. and Reinhart, C. (2014). Commodity Prices: Cyclical Weakness or Secular Decline?.IMF Working Papers, 94(7), p.i. Yang, J. (2016).China Oil, Coal Output Decline Signals More Imports to Come - Bloomberg. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-15/china-s-oil-coal-output-slides-in-sign-of-more-imports-to-come [Accessed Sep. 2016].

Starwars Essay Example For Students

Starwars Essay Star Wars By George Lucas Paperback, November 1998 Star Wars is a science fiction adventure novel. The symbolism and characterization was really excellent in the story. The story gives a great look into the future as it has many different types of things we have not yet invented; blaster rifles, space ships that go the speed of light, fat alien slugs, and beam swords. The plot of the story sucks you into the novel and makes you want to continue reading the novel. The plot of the story mainly reflects on a young boy, Luke Skywalker. Luke was raised on his Uncles moisture farm on the planet Tatooine. He meets up with Obi-Wan Kenobi by following a droid, R2-D2, he had purchased through a small natives of Tatooine known as Jawas. R2-D2 believes he is the property of Obi-Wan and decides to search for its master. Luke is attacked by another group of natives, Tusken Raiders also known as sand people. Obi-Wan comes and saves Luke from the sand people and take him back to his home. Obi-Wan te lls Luke a little about his father. He tells Luke that his father was his apprentice in learning the ways of the Force. Obi-Wan gives Luke his fathers old light saber and Obi-Wan finds something inside R2-D2. It is a message from Princess Leia. She sent the two droids, R2-D2 and C3-PO, to send this message to Obi-Wan. Luke and Obi-Wan head back to Lukes house and find a Sandcrawler, a vehicle the Jawas travel in, destroyed. Luke thinks that some Tusken Raiders did this, but Obi-Wan points out that Imperial Storm Troopers have attacked the Jawas. Luke then finds out that his uncle and aunt are dead. He then decides to train to be a Jedi Knight. They head to a Mos Eisley, a spaceport to search for a pilot to get them to the planet Alderaan. Obi-Wan and Luke meet up with a smuggler named Han Solo and his co-pilot, Chewbacca the Wookie also known as Chewie. They make a deal for Han to take the two humans and the two droids to Alderaan. While preparing the ship Han runs into a crime lord , Jabba the Hutt. Jabba was mad at Han for dropping off his shipments and running with out paying him. Han promises Jabba he will have his money soon and a little more. As they start boarding the ship some Storm Troopers find them and started attacking. They take off in the Millennium Falcon and escape the Imperial forces. While heading for the planet Alderaan, Luke trains in the Millennium Falcon. Obi-Wan suddenly feels something evil through the force. They reach the area where Alderaan is and find that it had been blown up. They see an Imperial TIE Fighter. They follow it to a small moon, but discover it is not a small moon, but a space station, The Death Star that was built by the Empire. They got sucked into the station by a tracker beam and had to hide from the Storm Troopers, who were checking the ship for the crew. Han, Luke, Obi-Wan, Chewie, and the two droids hid in secret compartments Han used to smuggle goods. When some rookie Storm Troopers came aboard they mugged them and took their uniforms to sneak through the Death Star. Obi-Wan headed alone to deactivate the tracker beam from inside the Death Star. Luke, Han, and Chewie went to the prison block to free Princess Leia. They get attacked by Storm Troopers and escape into a garbage chute. There the crushing walls in the garbage chute almost flatten them, but C3-PO and R2-D2 barely save them by shutting down the garbage crushing units. After their escape from the garbage disposal unit they get chased by more Storm Troopers, but this time Luke and Leia get separated from Chewie and Han. They meet back at the Millennium Flacon. There they watch Obi-Wan battle with Darth Vader in a grueling light saber duel. Darth Vader one, but in the same time lost. Han, Luke, Leia, and Chewie escape the Death Star and head for the Rebellion Base on the planet Yavin. There, Han and Chewie get their reward money for saving Princess Leia and leave, but Luke stays to help the Rebels fight against the Empire and its de adly Death Star. The Death Star finds the rebellion base and heads towards it. The Rebels send an attack of X-Wings and Y-Wings to destroy the Death Star. After many attempts to destroy it Luke finally hits it in its only weak spot with the help of Han Solo who felt bad for leaving them with out helping. Luke, Han, and Chewie are rewarded metals for their bravery. The novel symbolizes what George Lucas thinks the future may be like. His imagination was put to great heights to write this novel as he thought of interesting characters to introduce us to; Jabba, Chewie, Greedo, and many others. The novel gives great machinery and space age type weapons; blaster rifle, light saber, land speeder, Death Star, X-Wing, and others. He does this by writing as if we know about all this stuff. Star Wars was a great novel. George Lucas did a very excellent job in writing this novel. He draws you into the novel by introducing you to many different, out of this world weapons and creatures. It was a pleasure in reading this novel and is my all time favorite. People who like science fiction novels or adventure novels should try to read this one. .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c , .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .postImageUrl , .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c , .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:hover , .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:visited , .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:active { border:0!important; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:active , .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud828da2e598eb6c1d5ec244a0ddb3a1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pretty Woman Essay We will write a custom essay on Starwars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now